『ついに食べた！』 ～未来の肉「培養肉」の今～ | NHK | WEB特集

厳重に管理された研究室。関係者が固唾を飲んで見守るなか、白衣を着た研究者がシャーレの中から慎重に取り出したのは…。できたてほやほやの「培養肉」でした。 ことし3月、東京大学で、最新の技術で作った国産牛肉ならぬ、国産「培養肉」の試食が行われました。肉の細胞を培養して新たな肉を作り出す「培養肉」は、食糧…

ヘビやサソリによる毒死が激減、先端ゆくメキシコの抗毒研究

メキシコ、オアハカ原産の毒サソリを手にのせる生物学者のシプリアノ・バルデラス・アルタミラノ氏。（PHOTOGRAPH BY MARA SANCHEZ RENERO） 世界保健機関（WHO）によると、毎年14万人近くが毒ヘビにかまれて命を落としており、その多くは抗毒血清があれば救うことができたという。2017年、WHOはヘビ咬傷を「顧みられな…

The police introduce requirements for e-identification when booking a passport. So that there will be a little more order and order.

The police have now updated their system for booking appointments for applying for a passport or national ID card. After the update, it is required […]

The post The police introduce requirements for e-identification when booking a passport. So that there will be a little more order and order. appeared first on Gamingsym.

MIT scientists reveal why it’s hard to evenly split Oreo filling between two halves

Researchers at MIT created a 3D-printed device to develop a better understanding of the science behind what happens to the cream filling when you split the two sides of an Oreo cookie. Their device, the Oreometer, uses rubber bands and coins to control the torque applied to each side as a cookie is twisted apart. Adding pennies to one side rotates one of the two chambers and separates the Oreo.

After testing various types of Oreos, the researchers added scientific weight to something that nearly every American over the age of three already knows: the cream filling usually sticks to one side, even with Double and Mega Stuf varieties. Twisting speed mattered, according to the team — if you try to do it quickly, it may take more strain and stress to split a cookie. Curiously, the scientists found that the cream only separated more evenly when testing older boxes of cookies. 

The researchers suspect the Oreo manufacturing process is one reason for the phenomenon. “Videos of the manufacturing process show that they put the first wafer down, then dispense a ball of cream onto that wafer before putting the second wafer on top,” Crystal Owens, an MIT mechanical engineering PhD candidate, said. “Apparently that little time delay may make the cream stick better to the first wafer.”

The team published a paper on their research in the journal Physics of Fluids. As Gizmodo notes, they conducted the experiment as an exercise in rheology, which is the study of how matter flows. 

The researchers determined that, based on how the filling responded to stress, it should be classified as “mushy” instead of brittle, tough or rubbery. They also found that the cream’s failure stress — the force per area needed to deform the filling or make it flow — is around the same as mozzarella cheese and double that of peanut butter and cream cheese.

There could be some other practical benefits of the research. “My 3D printing fluids are in the same class of materials as Oreo cream,” Owens said. “So, this new understanding can help me better design ink when I’m trying to print flexible electronics from a slurry of carbon nanotubes, because they deform in almost exactly the same way.”

In addition, Owens suggested that if the inside of each Oreo half had more texture, it might have a better grip on the cream and the filling would be more even when a cookie’s twisted apart “As they are now, we found there’s no trick to twisting that would split the cream evenly,” Owens added.

If you’d like to try the experiment yourself, you can download the 3D printer files. Just be sure to eat some of the separated Oreos afterward. For science.

Europa’s resemblance to Greenland bodes well for possible life on Jupiter’s moon

Europa’s potential to support life may have increased thanks to geographic observations. Reutersnotes researchers have discovered similarities between double ridges on the Jovian moon’s surface and smaller-scale equivalents in Greenland. As the Greenland ridges were formed by subsurface water that refroze, this suggests Europa’s counterparts formed the same way. That, in turn, would indicate large volumes of the liquid water necessary to support life similar to that on Earth.

The geographic features are not only common on Europa, but are large enough that the water pockets for these ridges would each be comparable in size to North America’s Lake Erie. They’d also be relatively shallow (about 0.6 miles below the surface), putting them near other chemicals that could help form life.

There are still no direct signs of life on Europa, and there might not be for a long time. NASA is launching its Europa Clipper spacecraft in 2024, but it won’t reach orbit until 2030. Even so, the Greenland comparison bolsters the case for investigating Jupiter’s fourth-largest moon. It suggests that at least some conditions are well-suited to life, even if factors like the extreme cold (a maximum -260F at the equator) limit what’s possible.